How large is Newfoundland and Labrador?

Newfoundland and Labrador has an area of 405,720 square kilometres with over 29,000 kilometres of coastline. It is more than three times the total area of the Maritime Provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island) and would rank fourth in size behind Alaska, Texas, and California if it were one of the United States.

We're almost one-and-three-quarter times the size of Great Britain. The island of Newfoundland covers an area of 111,390 square kilometres, while Labrador has an area of 294,330 square kilometres.

Visit our interactive map of Newfoundland and Labrador for further details.

What is Newfoundland and Labrador’s capital city?

St. John’s, the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador, is the perfect combination of big-city luxury and traditional small-town charm. It is one of the oldest and most easterly cities in North America, and has become a rare destination full of character and charisma, with a contemporary, sophisticated edge. St. John’s International Airport (YYT) is just 3 hours’ flying time from Toronto, and 4½ from London, England.

What is the population of Newfoundland and Labrador?

In 2021, Newfoundland and Labrador’s population is estimated to be nearly 521,000.

In 2020, the population of St. John’s Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) which includes the surrounding areas of Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove, Torbay, Flatrock, Pouch Cove, Bauline, Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Mount Pearl, Paradise, Conception Bay South, Petty Harbour, Maddox Cove, Bay Bulls, and Witless Bay, was estimated at 214,014.

Are there other cities in Newfoundland and Labrador besides St. John’s?

Yes, there are two other cities in NL; Mount Pearl (located adjacent to St. John’s) and Corner Brook, which is located on the West Coast of the province. Though Labrador has a place called Labrador City, located near the Quebec border, it does not hold city status and is actually a town. Some other major centres include:

• Bay Roberts – population 5,974
• Bishop's Falls – 3,082
• Bonavista – 3,190
• Botwood – 2,778
• Burgeo – 1,176
• Channel-Port aux Basques – 3,547
• Clarenville-Shoal Harbour – 6,704
• Corner Brook – 19,333
• Deer Lake – 4,864
• Gander – 11,880
• Grand Falls-Windsor – 13,853
• Happy Valley-Goose Bay – 8,040
• Labrador City – 7,412
• Lewisporte – 3,288
• Marystown – 5,204
• Springdale – 2,965
• St. Anthony – 2,180
• Stephenville – 6,540

What is the climate like in Newfoundland and Labrador?

When it comes to the weather in Newfoundland and Labrador, you'll never be stuck for conversation; folks here love to talk about it. And as unpredictable as the weather is, the clean, fresh sea air is a welcome constant.

The island of Newfoundland has a temperate marine climate. Winters are usually mild with a normal temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. We get higher than average amounts of rain and snow as a result. Summer days range from cool to hot, with a normal temperature of 16 degrees Celsius. Good swimming weather generally begins at the end of June. Labrador’s climate is different from the island. Winters are much colder than those on the island. While summers are shorter and generally cooler, extreme high temperatures are not uncommon in Labrador. For more information, visit Environment Canada website.

What temperatures can you expect in Newfoundland and Labrador?

Thanks to the temperate marine climate, you won't have to contend with extreme temperatures. The island of Newfoundland has an average summer temperature of 16°C (61°F), while the winter hovers around 0°C (32°F). In Labrador, the winter climate is somewhat harsher, but temperatures can top 25°C (77°F) during the short but pleasant summers. Detailed information about weather trends and forecasts can be found at The Weather Network or the Canada Weather Office.

What clothing should I bring along?

Depending on when you plan to visit, there are some essentials you should bring with you or buy once you get here.

Our weather is variable, so bring appropriate apparel. Our temperatures are usually mild in comparison to other parts of Canada, but vary a great deal from day to day, and sometimes hour to hour. For this reason, it is best to pack clothing that you can layer, and a light bag to carry it in for your day trips.

In winter, you will be thankful for a warm coat, hat, and mittens. A warm pair of shoes or boots that do not leak will ensure that you won't be hindered by slush, snow, and ice. For summer travel, don't forget your swimsuit, sunscreen, and sandals for your trips to our sandy or pebble beaches. In spring, summer, and fall, a raincoat and a warm fleece jacket is always a good idea. Comfortable footwear is important if you plan on walking at any time of the year. We've been nicknamed "The Rock" and "The Big Land" for good reason! If you plan to explore, make sure your shoes are ready to explore with you.

What is the culture like in Newfoundland and Labrador?

Newfoundland and Labrador has a reputation for being friendly. Warm and welcoming, fun loving and funny to the core, the people here are also known for their natural creativity, unique language, and knack for storytelling. Perhaps that's why Maclean’s magazine thinks Newfoundland and Labrador has one of the Top 10 Friendliest Cultures in the World!

Living out on the edge of North America, our population spent many years isolated from much of the world. We took the heritage of our English, Irish, French, and Indigenous ancestors and created a culture that’s one of a kind. And you can see that expressed not only in the people, but in the rich, colourful environment we created around us. In our architecture, in our crafts, in the names of our towns, and even in the way we built our roads – it’s all a bit off-kilter.

What language is spoken in NL?

Whether describing our connection to the land, our character, our storytelling abilities or our sense of humour, one element shines through – the way we speak.

There are more varieties of English spoken in Newfoundland and Labrador than anywhere else in the world. Dating back four centuries, the accents are rooted in western England and southern Ireland. There are also French and Indigenous influences that have helped shape our colourful language. And since we're off the beaten path, the multitude of dialects and traditions that have long since evolved in other countries remain preserved right here.

It's more than just accents; you won’t be surprised to find we have our very own dictionary and encyclopedia. The Dictionary of Newfoundland English was first published in 1982 and contains hundreds of words and phrases you'll find nowhere else.

In addition to English, there are areas of Newfoundland and Labrador that have Francophone populations where French is the main language. As well, several areas of the Province are home to various Indigenous peoples, including Qalipu First Nation, Miawpukek First Nation, Innu Nation, the Nunatsiavut Government and the NunatuKavut Community Council, where native languages continue to be spoken.

Are there any cultural activities I can attend?

There’s never a shortage of something to do around here. Newfoundlanders and Labradorians love to have a good time, even if it’s just a crowd playing music in the kitchen.

But that doesn’t mean you can’t join in. Live music of every kind is just around the corner, particularly along George Street in St. John’s, and at bars and festivals across the province. The theatre scene is also vibrant, with more than a dozen troupes performing everything from smaller community shows to full-scale musical extravaganzas.

Undoubtedly, COVID has had an impact on cultural events, so please keep an eye on provincial COVID levels, precautions and safety measures that may be in place, when enjoying such events.

How’s the dining scene?

With local restaurants and chefs winning national and international awards, it’s clear that food culture in Newfoundland and Labrador has never been more delicious. World-class, local chefs have opened new and exciting dining spots, featuring top-notch homegrown ingredients. Then there are the “CFAs” (Come-From-Aways), bringing their own culinary traditions and flavours. While St. John’s is the hotspot, there are celebrated restaurants across the province as well as regular food and music festivals.

Is there a place where I can practice my culture/religion/faith?

Canada and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador have a proud history of welcoming newcomers from all regions and cultures of the world. Newcomers to Newfoundland and Labrador are encouraged to maintain and celebrate their culture, while enjoying all that their new home has to offer. There are many community organizations across the province, including faith, culture, and country-of-origin-based groups. Our province’s policy on multiculturalism is based on mutual understanding and respect of all cultures, as well as equality, cross-cultural collaboration, and inclusive citizenship. Learn more about Our Commitment to Multiculturalism.

All Canadians are protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Canadian Multiculturalism Act, the Newfoundland and Labrador Human Rights Act, and the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Multicultural Education Policy.

Here is a sample of links to some religious and cultural organizations in the province. If you don’t find what you are looking for, please reach out and we can point you in the right direction:

• Anglican Diocese of Eastern NL: https://anglicanenl.net/home/
• Buddhism: https://stjohns.shambhala.org/
• First Light (Indigenous): https://firstlightnl.ca/
• Hindu Temple St. John’s: https://hindutemplesj.wixsite.com/hindutemplestjohns
• Muslim Association of Newfoundland and Labrador: https://www.manal.ca/
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. John’s: https://rcsj.org/
• Salvation Army: https://salvationarmy.ca/newfoundland/
• Meeting people (this has additional contacts to multiple cultural and religious organizations): http://www.stjohns.ca/living-st-johns/newcomers/getting-settled/meeting-people

Where can I find real estate listings?

Newfoundland & Labrador Real Estate (Realtor.ca) can show you what’s presently available on the market.

The following are popular websites or companies listing accommodations in Newfoundland and Labrador. These are external links and are not endorsed by the province. They are for informational purposes only. Do not exchange money online. Please ensure you review your rights under the Residential Tenancy Act. (https://www.gov.nl.ca/dgsnl/landlord/)

• Kijiji
• NL Classifieds
• Facebook Marketplace
• Airbnb
• VRBO

What is the cost of living in Newfoundland and Labrador?

Home ownership is still attainable in our province, with some of the lowest home prices in Canada and North America. The average price for a home in Newfoundland and Labrador is $286,900 compared to Canada at $695,657. In fact, St. John’s has the highest rate of home ownership in Canada! The average price of a home is approximately $270,000, compared to $1,000,000 in the Greater Toronto area, or $1,100,000 in the Greater Vancouver area.

According to Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, the average cost to rent a two-bedroom apartment in 2020 was $974 in the St. John’s CMA and $891 in Newfoundland and Labrador as a whole.

Sources:
https://www.crea.ca/housing-market-stats/national-price-map/
https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables?tagid=09c35c07-ac2c-4646-a20d-44cd22a05823

Does Newfoundland and Labrador have much traffic?

Newfoundland and Labrador has far less traffic that other urban centres in Canada. The average daily commute is approximately 19 minutes, compared to the national average of 26 minutes, and commute times in smaller communities are even lower. Newfoundland and Labrador is known for its quality of life. We prefer to spend our time enjoying life versus being caught up in traffic. Because less time getting home means more time being home. Of course, if you plan to work from home when you come here, you won’t have much of a commute at all!

Is it possible to travel without a car?

Our province is mostly rural, so the answer is yes and no. While there is no train service, there are buses and regional taxis. There is also a local company which operates a cross-island bus route. Renting or purchasing a car is an option and is the main mode of transport for many.

Biking is also an option. Bikes are allowed on all streets in St. John’s and other communities around the province, except where prohibited for safety reasons. For more information on biking in St. John’s please visit the following website: http://www.bikestjohns.ca/welcome.

And walking about your community is always a wonderful way to see the sights while getting to your destination. Many communities have walking trails for your enjoyment!

I’m planning on driving my vehicle to NL, how long does it take to get across the island of Newfoundland?

Newfoundland is an island, but it isn’t a small one. Travelling from the ferry terminal in Port aux Basques to the capital city of St. John’s is a 900-kilometre, 10-hour drive. It’s a good idea to review the distances between destinations. Make sure you aren’t leaving yourself short of time. Our interactive map can help you out with that.

If I plan to rent a car, do I need to book my rental car in advance?

Yes. While this place is off the beaten path, lots of people want to visit Newfoundland and Labrador, possibly at the same time as you. The summer season is particularly busy. You should make car rental reservations before you travel since they can book up fast. Pre-booking your accommodations, airline, and ferry crossings is also recommended. For more information, visit the Getting Here & Around section of our Newfoundland and Labrador tourism website.

What should I know about driving in Newfoundland and Labrador?

Be sure to use the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador’s 511 Traveller Information System. NL 511 is your source of up-to-date information on winter driving conditions, construction and major incidents, highway cameras, ferry status, and more. Travellers can access 511 by using the free smartphone app (Apple, Google Play), visiting the website NL511.ca, or dialing 5-1-1 to hear key information over the phone.

Driving Regulations

Drivers must carry a valid driver's licence, Vehicle Registration Certificate, and Proof of Liability Insurance Coverage in order to drive in Newfoundland and Labrador. Legislation requires that motorists carry lump-sum public liability and property damage insurance of $200,000. Seatbelts are mandatory, and cellphone and mobile phone use are prohibited unless a hands-free device is used.

A child weighing less than nine kilograms (20 pounds) must be secured in either an infant carrier or a convertible car seat adjusted to the rear-facing position. Radar detectors are illegal in our province. It is also illegal to drive with a blood alcohol limit exceeding .05 milligrams of alcohol per litre of blood or under the influence of marijuana.

Watch out for Moose

There are about 120,000 moose on the island of Newfoundland. Most highways go through moose habitat. If you see one of these large, brown, hoofed animals on or near a roadway, use extreme caution. You should slow down and prepare to stop. Like all wild animals, moose are unpredictable. Avoid driving at night if possible, as most moose/vehicle accidents occur between dusk and dawn. If you must drive at night, slow down. Scan both sides of the highway with your lights set to high beam unless you are overtaking traffic. Pay attention to highway signs. A road sign with a picture of a moose or a warning that says "Caution, moose next 'X' kilometres" means moose cross there.

Winter Driving

Caution is also required when driving in winter. Slippery road conditions, drifting and blowing snow can sometimes make driving treacherous. When road conditions are not optimal, it is imperative that you slow down and use caution while driving. For information on road conditions, use the Highway Cameras from the Department of Transportation and Works and Weather Forecasts.

How wheelchair-accessible are buildings and establishments in Newfoundland and Labrador?

Establishments in Newfoundland and Labrador listed as "wheelchair accessible" meet the minimum requirements as set out in the Provincial Buildings Accessibility Act and Regulations. These establishments have a main entrance, and, where provided, public washrooms that an individual in a wheelchair can access unassisted. Hotels, motels, cottages, and B&B establishments with the accessibility designation have a wheelchair-accessible room or suite, but there are no guarantees all the establishment's facilities could be accessed by wheelchair users. Some have only a limited number of wheelchair-accessible rooms, so reservations should be made. Also, many establishments not listed as accessible may provide acceptable facilities, depending on individual needs.

Where do I apply to register my vehicle, get a NL Driver’s licence and change my address, and access other government services in NL?

Many government services are now available online via Digital Government NL, https://www.gov.nl.ca/digitalgovernment/. More specifically, you can visit the MyGovNL section as your one stop shop to vehicle registration, Medical Care Plan (MCP) cards and driver’s licences.

I was living in another province but have moved to Newfoundland and Labrador. Should I contact Medical Care Plan (MCP)?

It is very important that you contact Medical Care Plan (MCP) after you arrive in Newfoundland and Labrador. Your former province or territory will cover your medical costs for the remainder of the month you arrived in Newfoundland and Labrador, plus two additional months. If you do not contact Medical Care Plan (MCP) within that time, you may be without health care coverage. It is recommended that you contact Medical Care Plan (MCP) upon arrival to ensure a smooth change from your former province’s or territory’s health care plan to the Newfoundland and Labrador Medical Care Plan.

Will I be covered by medical care plan (MCP) if I leave Newfoundland and Labrador for vacation, study, etc.?

Before leaving Newfoundland and Labrador you should check with Medical Care Plan (MCP)’s Public Services Division to determine the coverage available to you in your specific situation. Generally the coverage available to persons leaving Newfoundland and Labrador is as follows:

• Eligible beneficiaries who have been registered with MCP for at least one year may leave Newfoundland and Labrador for vacation purposes for up to eight months each year and, once every five years, may leave for up to one full year. After an absence that exceeds eight months in a single year, absences must not exceed eight months in each of the next four years. Newly registered beneficiaries in their first year of registration may not leave for vacation purposes for a period of time longer than they have been registered as an MCP beneficiary (i.e., no more than six months total).
• Students may be absent for as long as required to complete their program of studies, but are normally required to return to Newfoundland and Labrador at least once each year. Proof of enrolment at an accredited institution is required.
• If you leave Newfoundland and Labrador to temporarily work in another province, territory, or country you may be absent for up to one year and still retain Medical Care Plan (MCP) coverage. If your work requires you to be away from Newfoundland and Labrador for longer than one year, but you are not establishing a permanent residence elsewhere, you should contact Medical Care Plan (MCP) before leaving Newfoundland and Labrador to determine the coverage available to you.

How long am I covered by Medical Care Plan (MCP) when I move to another province?

Your Medical Care Plan (MCP) coverage will continue for the remainder of the month of arrival in your new province/territory, plus an additional two months. To ensure there are no gaps in your coverage, you should contact the health care plan of your new province or territory so that your coverage there will start immediately after your Medical Care Plan (MCP) coverage expires.

What kind of health insurance do I need if I’m moving to Newfoundland and Labrador on long-term, but not permanent basis?

It’s best to check in with a travel insurance provider to discuss your situation and identify your needs and the coverage you may need.

How can I get a family doctor?

To find a family doctor, a nurse practitioner or other primary health care service, please call 811 or visit Find a Doctor (findadoctornl.ca).

What is Regulated Child Care?

Regulated child care refers to a child care service that is required to hold a child care licence or an approval certificate from a licensed agency. Regional staff from the Early Learning and Child Development Division of the Department of Education regularly visit child care services that hold a licence. Similarly, family child care agency staff regularly visit child care services that hold an approval certificate which was issued by a licensed agency. These visits help to ensure legislation and policy are met and support licensees and child care service providers to exceed these standards. All regulated child care services must follow the Child Care Act, Regulations, and the associated Policy and Standards. Some child care services may be exempt from the requirement to be regulated. Child care services that are exempt are not considered regulated and are not monitored by regional or agency staff. Information on exemptions can be found in sections 2(f) and 2(g) of the Child Care Act and section 3 of the Child Care Regulations. Please note, a child must be attending a regulated child care service in order for eligible families to receive a Child Care Subsidy.

What is a Child Care Subsidy?

The Child Care Subsidy Program is an income tested program designed to assist families with the cost of child care fees at regulated child care services. This program enables eligible families to access regulated child care services by eliminating or minimizing the cost within available resources. More information on the Child Care Subsidy Program can be found at: www.gov.nl.ca/education/childcare/childcaresubsidy/

How much does daycare normally cost in NL?

Effective January 1, 2021, Newfoundland and Labrador implemented $25 per day child care for regulated child care services that are participating in the Child Care Operating Grant Program (OGP). The OGP is a voluntary program that helps address affordability of child care services for families throughout Newfoundland and Labrador. This is accomplished by requiring participating regulated child care services (child care centres and family child care homes) to lower their rates to $25 per day for Infants, Toddlers, Preschoolers and Full-Day School-Age children (part-time preschool/after school and before & after school rates are set in program policy).

Where can I find a listing of Child Care Services in the province?

The Early Learning and Child Care Directory Map, found here: https://www.childcare.gov.nl.ca/, is designed to show the location of regulated child care services and family resource centres in Newfoundland and Labrador. You can search the map for a child care service via a route (e.g., from home to work), by community, by age of your child or use the side tab and search by the child care service’s name. Other information including violations issued and how to contact individual child care services is also available on this site.

For more information on Early Learning and Child Care please visit our website at: www.gov.nl.ca/education/childcare/

Are there K-12 schools all across the province?

Yes. There are schools all across the province, though depending on the area, bussing may be a requirement.

Please see the following link for the Newfoundland and Labrador English School District Regions and Schools, https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1nJVKljmFGy94MRVascBJ8yL5cRAiKjjX&ll=51.1435281427232%2C-54.5355977830706&z=5

As well as Le Conseil scolaire francophone provincial de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador (CSFP): https://csfp.nl.ca/

How do I find my zoned school?

To find your zoned school, check the school feeder system directory, and the complete district school directory.

How do I request a student transfer?

Parents/guardians have the right to request a transfer to another school within the Newfoundland and Labrador English School District. Requests will be considered subject to guidelines defined in the District's Administrative Regulations, under the following circumstances:

• When other siblings are in regular attendance at the school in which the transfer is being requested.
• When there are program availability considerations.
• When the Individual Support Services Plan (ISSP) or school team recommends it.
• When family members of the child and/or his guardian live within the attendance zone of the school.

How do I register my child for a French Immersion program?

Parents/guardians interested in registering their child in the Early French Immersion (EFI) Kindergarten Program are required to register their child at their zoned school if the Early French Immersion Program is offered. If Early Immersion is not offered in the zoned school, parents/guardians shall register their child at the school closest to their place of residence that offers the program.

For a list of schools offering the Early French Immersion Program and the associated feeder stream, click here. For more information about the French Immersion Program, click here.

Are there any Francophone schools?

Yes, please go to the following link for more information on francophone schools: http://www.csfp.nl.ca/

Are there any Private Schools in NL?

Yes, there are several private schools across the province and there is also the option for homeschooling.

• Private Schools: https://www.gov.nl.ca/education/k12/schoolsdistricts/directory/private/
• Home Schooling: https://www.gov.nl.ca/education/k12/homeschooling/

What about Post-Secondary education options?

Newfoundland and Labrador has numerous options for those seeking post-secondary education and training, ranging from our world renowned public university (Memorial University of Newfoundland), a robust public college system (College of the North Atlantic), along with many private post-secondary institutions offering a range of training and learning options. For more details on post-secondary education please visit https://www.gov.nl.ca/education/post-secondary-education/.

If I’m working remotely for my employer who is based in another province or country, what happens if I get hurt on the job?

All workers are under the jurisdiction of the OHS Act and Regulations of the province in which they are working.

If it is a serious injury, as defined in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) legislation, the individual needs to report it to the OHS Division where an investigation would then be conducted. If a claim of injury is being filed, the individual would go to WorkplaceNL for further information.

The worker files an injury report with the workers’ compensation board that the employer is paying to provide coverage. For instance, if the employer is only registered (paying assessments) in Manitoba, the worker will file with Manitoba’s workers’ compensation board. If the employer is registered with WorkplaceNL, the worker will file with WorkplaceNL.

The worker is entitled to, and paid benefits according to the workers’ compensation legislation and regulations of the province where the employer is registered for coverage.

What does a worker need to know before they purchase a home in this province?

If the individual’s home is their workplace, the employer and the worker need to adhere to all applicable requirements of the OHS legislation of that province. Workers should know how to prevent injuries while working from home, safe ergonomic set-ups, and how to report an injury to their employer and the board providing coverage, should an injury occur.

What about WIFI and Internet access?

Travelling within Newfoundland and Labrador, users can take advantage of many internet connections and WIFI hot spots. Internet access is offered at many accommodations, food establishments, and attractions throughout the province, all Provincial Visitor Information Centres, and all Marine Atlantic terminals, including onboard their ferries. Internet access can also be found in provincial libraries and airport terminals. There are some black out areas in some rural areas, however. Check coverage maps with your cellular carrier.

Home internet availability ranges from the high-speed options of ‘Fibe’ and ‘Ignite’ in urban areas to satellite and other connectivity options in more rural locations. As availability may vary, it is always best to check with local providers on what options are available to you.

Can I get mobile phone coverage in rural areas?

We have two major service networks operating in Newfoundland and Labrador, Rogers and Bell, in addition to several smaller providers covering various regions of the province. While major centres and along the Trans-Canada Highway would have coverage from different providers, it is best to check with your provider to explore their potential coverage areas.